The term has three different meanings. First, it means human emotions

and desires, referring to the natural and instinctive reaction to external

circumstances, not a learned response. Second, it refers to specific human

emotions and desires, commonly known as the six human emotions: love,

hatred, happiness, anger, sadness, and joy, or as the seven human emotions:

happiness, anger, sadness, fear, love, hatred, and desire. Third, it means the true

state of affairs, or actual situation. For centuries, scholars have had different

interpretations on the first two meanings. Some advocated that emotions

should be restrained or controlled, while others believed that emotions and

desires were natural and should be properly guided.