This term refers to a thriving, prosperous, and perceptibly refined society in
which people behave in a cultured fashion. Wen (文) refers to the arts and
humanities, including social norms, music education, moral cultivation, and
a social order that is hierarchical yet harmonious. Ming (明) means bright,
prosperous, and highly civilized. The Chinese nation has always preferred
wen to wu (武 force). This is the loftiest ideal pursued by the Chinese nation
since ancient times. It was also the criterion by which to judge whether the
governance of a nation was well conducted.