Rule by man, as opposed to rule by law, is the most important ruling concept
in the Confucian political philosophy in ancient China. It calls for ruling a state
and its people through orderly human relations, moral standards, and other
value systems. Rule by man emphasizes the fundamental role and importance
of people in conducting political affairs. It emphasizes that a ruler should have
a lofty and noble character, select competent officials with integrity to run the
state, and educate and influence the general public. In Chinese history, this
concept of governance was designed to achieve a harmonious relationship
between the sovereign, his officials, and his subjects, which meant "benevolent
governance."