Qi (vital force) has a material existence independent of subjective consciousness

and is the basic element of all physical beings. It is also the basis for the birth

and existence of life and spirit. In addition, some thinkers have given a moral

attribute to qi. Qi is in constant motion and change, and has no specific shape.

Its concentration gives birth to a thing and its evaporation signals the end of

that thing. Qi permeates all physical beings and their surroundings. Qi, as a

philosophical concept, is different from what is commonly understood by the

word qi (气), namely, air. Although things in liquid or solid form are different

from things in air form, from the perspective of the ancient Chinese philosophy,

their formation and existence are the results of the concentration of qi.